The polar vortex is a spinning mass of cold air in the upper atmosphere which hangs out usually in polar latitudes but during winter can expand down into the midlatitudes where we live and even split into multiple vortexes.
The polar vortex is really just the air returning toward the poles from the polar front within the polar cell, spinning because of the Coriolis effect.
What is the polar vortex?
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/short-film-showcase/140418-polar-vortex-evt
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